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Lesson 1 Assessment: Two by Two
1. A new ovarian cancer tumor marker blood test is performed on 537 premenopausal women who have already been confirmed as having or not having ovarian cancer. A cutoff value is being assessed for its accuracy in determining positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). An elevated tumor marker result is considered positive. The data is available in the table below. What is the PPV for this test at the chosen cutoff value?
A. 29.9%
B. 81.0%
C. 93.0%
D. 99.2%
2. What is the calculated prevalence of ovarian cancer in the population shown in question #1?
A. 8%
B. 25.0%
C. 29.9%
D. 93%
3. Which of the following cancers has the most
blood
tumor markers available?
A. gastric
B. polycythemia vera
C. breast
D. ovarian
4. CA19-9 is a carbohydrate antigen tumor marker that is most useful for which kind of cancer?
A. breast
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. multiple myeloma
5. You need a test that is going to be positive for as many early-stage cancer patients as possible. You therefore want a test with the highest __________________ possible.
A. analytical sensitivity
B. analytical specificity
C. diagnostic sensitivity
D. diagnostic specificity
6. Which of the following statements is
true
regarding tumor markers?
A. They are each specific for a particular kind of cancer.
B. They can be at normal concentration even if the person has cancer.
C. They will always be increased at all stages of the cancer.
D. They are best used for screening populations.
7. Why is it recommended to have a baseline tumor marker assay done first and then use periodic testing of the marker afterward?
A. Changing levels over time can change the diagnostic sensitivity.
B. Changing levels over time can change the diagnostic specificity.
C. The pattern of increase or decrease may indicate treatment effectiveness.
D. The changing level will indicate if this is the best test to monitor the cancer.
8. A DNA tumor marker has a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 98%. You can predict it will be better at suggesting which of the following?
A. The person does have cancer.
B. Chemotherapy treatment will be successful.
C. The person does
not
have cancer.
D. None of these, since repeated testing must be done.
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